Tanjung Puting

Tanjung Puting National Park is located on the island of Borneo in the Kotawaringin Regency, Province of Central Kalimantan, the park is famous for its Orangutan conservation, composed of 415.040 hectares of dryland dipterocarp forest, peat swampforest, heath forest, mangrove and coastal beach forest, and secondary forest. Located at the geographical between 111o42' - 112o14'  East and 2o33' - 3o32' South, Temperature 22o - 33o C, rainfall 2.400 mm/annual (on average).

Tanjung Puting National Park is covered by complex mosaic of diverse lowland habitats. It contains 3.040 km2 of low lying swampy terrain punctuated by blackwater rivers which flow into the Java Sea. At the mouth of these rivers and along the sea coast are found Nipah/mangrove swamp. Mangroves teem with animal life. Tanjung Puting also includes tall dry ground tropical rain forest, primarily tropical heath forest, with a canopy of 30 metres (approximately 100 feet) with 'emergents' exceeding 50 metres in heigh, seasonally inundated peat swamp forest with peat in layers two or more metres (approximately 7 feet) deep.

In Tanjung Puting National Park, you will see the Orangutan, a lot of ex-captive Orangutan-rehabilitated in the park, you will also meet the king of this area, the largest and the oldest Orangutan who is still living in a wilderness of a national park.

The romantic forest, the romantic river and the romantic atmosphere of the park are also offer different experiences especially for those who want to have an adventurous honeymoon.

Among tree species commonly found are Ramin (Gonistylus bancanus), Jelutung, Kayu Besi / Iron Wood (Eusideroxylon zwagerri), Meranti (Shorea sp.), and Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.), all of them have high value for industry. Other plants such as Bakung (Asian tricum), Pandan (Pandanus tectorius), Nipah (Nypa sp.), which growing on the riverside.

The park is also rich in wildlife with the commonly seen is Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus), the best known species that make the National Park best known, Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), a large monkey which is found only in Borneo, Long-tail Macaque (Macaca fascicularis).

Birds, especially Horn Bills, Kingfisher, Myna, Oriental Darter and over 220 bird species.

Furthermore, the list of fauna living in the park are include the occasionally can be seen : Agile Gibbon (Hylobates agilis), Grey Gibbon (Hylobates mulleri), Red-leaf Monkey (Presbistis rubicunda), Malayan Sun-bear (Helarctus malayanus), Wild Lige (sus barbatus), Estuarine Crocodile False Ghavial (Tomistoma schlegelli). The rivers together with the swamp and seasonal lake rookeries support the life of many spesies of fish that have very high values in term of ecology and economy.

Tanjung Puting National Park located about 30 minutes to the right from the branch of Sekonyer River. Camp Leakey is in the  national park in southern Borneo, and was set up in 1971 by Louis Leakey to support research activities in Tanjung Puting Wildlife Reserve. Louis Leakey was both teacher and mentor for three young primatologists who would go on to become known worldwide for their work with Chimpanzees and Gorillas respectively. The third, Birute Galdikas went on to become the Leading Authority of Orangutan and remains so to this day as President of the Orangutan Foundation International.

Camp Leakey also functions as Orangutan Rehabilitation Center. The camp and surrounding area is designated as a special utility zone. Over the years, the camp has served the research of several scientist and students. Tourist will be able to walk on certain trails of the trail system without disturbing the research activities. On the way to Camp Leakey (on Sekonyer Simpang Kanan River), you may occasionally see crocodiles and the false gavials.

Declare by Minister of Forestry No. 687/Kpts-II/1996, October 25, 1996.

Sebangau

Located in the southern fringes of Central Kalimantan (Borneo), Sebangau National Park is located between Sebangau River and Katingan River. The location is remaining peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, after the central government initiated of the agricultural peat land project to the Mega Rice Project  or 'One Million Hectares Area' in 1995. Peat land in Central Kalimantan had been severely damaged by development activities, forest fires and illegal logging.




Covering an area of 568.700 hectares in the regency of Katingan, Pulang Pisau and the city of Palangkaraya, the park is a combination of the subtypes of mixed swampy forest, transitional forest, lowland canopy forest and granite forest, where there are 116 species of birds, 36 species of fish, 35 species of mammals with Orangutan as flagship species about 9000 individuals, and about 166 species of flora.


Tumbang Bulan, Koran river, Punggu alas lake is several locations in Sebangau where Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)  can be viewed in their natural habitat. Bekantan and Gibbon can be seen in the Habaring Hurung subdistrict in Palangka Raya and forest along Katingan River, while rare birds like Rhinoceros hornbills (Buceros rhinoceros) flock to the banks of the Sebangau River. Sebangau National Park serves as the largest Orangutan habitat in the whole of Kalimantan, even the world. But, you have to know it easier to see Orangutan especially on fruits seasons (beginning of rainy seasons on December - January) or stay browsing around the forest for few days.

The World Wildlife Fund (WWF0 Indonesia campaigned to establish the park, which was gazetted in 2004, and the organization remains at the forefront at involving nearby resident in low-impact logging, home industry, reforestation and ecotourism. Thus, providing balance harmony between the preservation of Orangutan and the community.

Latest development based on genetic research by Zhang (2001) and Taxonomy by Groves (1999) revealed that Borneo Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), is of a different species form the Sumatran Pongo Abelli. The Borneo Orangutan has a distinctive body shape with very long arms that may reach up to two meters in length. They have a coarse, shaggy reddish coat and grasping hands and feet. Thea are highly sexually dimorphic, with adult males being distinguished by their large size, throat pouch and flanges on either side or the face, kown as known as cheek padw. The Borneo Orangutan travels on the ground more than ist Sumatran counterpart. It is theorized this may be partly because here there is no need to avoid large predators as found in Sumatra, including the Sumatran Tigers.

Some of the particular animals that roam freely in these forests include : Southern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), Kelasi (Presbytis rubicunda), Proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), Sun Bears (Helarctos malayanus), Forest cats (Felis bangalensis), Chipmunks (Exilisciurus axilis), Hornbills or Enggang Gunung (A. undulatus), Enggang gading (Buceros vigil), Enggang Badak (Buceros rhinoceros), Swamp heron (Ciconia storml), Pecuk ular (Anhinga melanogaster), Cangak merah (Ardea purpurea), Cangak laut (Ardea sumatrana), Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayaensis), Catfish (Clarias sp.), Papuyu (Anabas festudineus), Kakapar (Belontia hesselti) and Sambaling (Betta sp.). Among some of the flora found in the park are : Jelutung (Dyera Iowii), Belangeran (Shorea balangeran), Pulai (Alstonia angustifolia), Ulin wood,Deer horn orchids and Black orchids.

Amidst the peat swamp forests, the national park also offers beautiful scenery of pristine hills. From the top of Bukit Batu or Roch Hill, one overlooks the Sebangau National Parks and all its fascinating scenery. The hill is also the perfect spot for bird watching since White Herone Swallows, Green Cucaks, Keruang, Kepodang, and Bald Eagles are among some of the exotic birds that nest here on the hills. A long and challenging trek is available at Bukit Bulan or the Moon Hills. A unique ecosystem of peat swamps and granite rocks is observable at Bukit Kaki or Foot Hill. The granite rocks cause a dry environment and thus the trees are different from those in the surrounding environment.

Declared by Minister of Forestry No. 423/Menhut-II/2004, October 10, 2004.

Kutai

Kutai National Park is a lowland national park located on the east coast of Borneo Island, in the East Kalimantan province of Indonesia. The park is located north of the Mahakam river and includes several lakes : Danau Maau, Danau Santan, Danau Besar and Danau Sirapan. It is adjacent to the towns of Bontang and Sangatta and 120 km north of the provincial capital Samarinda.

Kutai National Park covered an area of 198.629,00 hectares, lies on the geographical location between 116o58' - 117o36' East and 0o08' - 0o34' North, altitude 0 - 397 m  above sea level, rainfall on average 1,543 mm/year.

Kutai National Park represents a number of principal vegetation types, including coastal/mangrove forest, freshwater swamp forest, kerangas forest, lowland flooding forest, ulin/meranti/kapur forest, and mixed Dipterocarpaceae forest. This park is also part of the largest relatively pristine ulin forest in Indonesia.

Among the plants that grow in this park are Mangrove (Bruguiera sp.), Cemara Laut (Casuarina equisetifolia), Simpur (Dillenia sp.), Meranti (Shorea sp.), Benuang (Octomeles sumatrana), Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri), Kapur (Dryobalanops sp.),  3 species of Rafflesia, and various orchid species.

An Ulin tree in Sangkimah has a height without branches of 45 m, a diameter of 225 cm or a circle of 706 cm, and a volume of 150 cm3. It is the highest and largest plant recorded in Indonesia.

As well as a variety of plants, this park also has a high animal diversity. Primate groups like Orangutan (Pongo satyrus), Mueller's Bornean Grey-gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis), Maroon Leaf-monkey (Presbytis rubicunda rubicunda),  White-fronted Leaf-monkey (P. frontata frontata), Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina nemestrina), and Slow Loris (Nycticebus coucang borneanus), can be found in Teluk Kaba, Prevab-Mentoko and Sangkinah. Urgulate groups like Banteng (Bos javanicus Iowi), Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor brokei), Barking Deer (Munciacus muntjak pleiharicus), and Lesser Malay Mouse-deer (Tragulus javanicus klossi) can be found throughout the park area.

Carnivore groups such as Sun Bear (Helarctor malayanus euryspilus) and Flat-headed Cat (Pardofelis planiceps) can be found in Teluk Kaba, Prevab-Mentoko and along the Bontang - Sangatta road.

Fowl groups that can be seen include the Lesser-adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus), White-bellied Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster), Green-imperial Pigeon (Ducula aenea), Jungle-fowl (Gallus sp.), Hill myna (Gracula religiosa), and Oriental-darter (Anhinga melanogaster melanogaster).

The park is a part of the former 'Kutai Game Reserve' which has been protected since 1970s. However this status did not prevent the logging of a third of the forest in subsequent years and the following introduction of mining companies. In an attemp to prevent further deforestation, the Kutai National Park was established in 1982. Nevertheless, the great Borneo fires of 1982/1983 destroyed large sections of the forest, and the constant encroachment of people along the eastern boundary continues to reduce the true park area. Approximately only 30 % of the primary growth forest remains.

There are two main point for tourist access to the park, Sangkima is on the road between Sangatta and bontang and thus is accessible by car or bus. The area has a number of old formal national park buildings. There are a large loop walking track, with sections of elevated boardwalk to what was one of the largest trees known in the park. Given the ease of accessibility and being adjacent to the road, tis area of park is continually under pressure from the encroachment of people.

Prevab is the second tourist area, approximately 25 minutes boat ride up the Sangatta river from Kabo Pier (a boat ramp on the northern bank, on the western side of the town of Sangata). Access to the park is gained by road travel to Kabo Pier and the short river trip in a 'ketinting' (a traditional small boat for navigating rivers). The more remote nature of this section sees the jungle in fairly good condition with little disturbance of the area.

Declared by Ministry of Forestry No. 325/Kpts-II/1995. June 29, 1995.

Kayan Mentarang

Kayan Mentarang National Park is a densely forested national park in North Kalimantan province, Borneo Island, Indonesia. The national park is named after a great dispersed 'Mentarang' mountain trails plateau of 'Apau Kayan' which covers the entire park from Datadian area in south region to Apau Ping area in mid region until Long Bawan in north region.

Kayan Mentarang National Park is located at the border between Indonesia and Malaysia. The park is central to the WWF Heart of Borneo initiative, which aims to protect the transboundary highland or Borneo, which straddle the three South-east Asian Nations of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam.

Kayan Mentarang National Park, with a total area of 1.360.500 hectares, geographical location between 114o49' - 116o16' East and 1o59' - 4o24', altitude 200 - 2.558 m above sea level, temperature between 16o - 30o C, rainfall average 3.100 mm/annual, forms the largest single area of primary and old secondary forest not only in Kalimantan, but in the whole of south-east Asia.

This park has an astonishing diversity of plant and animal species, many of which are either endangered or protected, a huge diversity of ecosystem type, from lowland rain forest to moss-covered forest in the high mountains.

Some plant that have already been recorded in the park include Pulai (Alstonia scholaris), Jelutung (Dyera costulata), Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), Damar (Agathis borneensis), Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri), Rengas (Gluta wallichii), Gaharu (Aquilaria malacensis), various orchid species, plam trees and pitcher plants. There are still several plant that have not yet been identified as they all new plant species in Indonesia.

There are about 100 species of mammal (15 of them are endemic species), 8 species of primate and more than 310 species of bird, of which 28 are endemic to Kalimantan and have been registered by the ICBP (International Commitee for Bird Protection) as endangered species.

There are several rare species of mammal like the Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus), Hoss-leaf Monkey (Presbytis hosei canicrus), White-fronted-leaf Monkey (P. frontata frontata), Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrinanemestrina), and Banteng (Bos javanicus lowi).

About 16.000 Dayak people live inside or in close proximity to the Kayan Mentarang National Park. Roughly half of these people, mostly 'Kenyah' but with a small number of 'Kayan', 'Saben' and 'Punan', are primarily shifting cultivators. The rest mostly 'Lun Dayeh' and 'Lengilu' in the north are mainly wet rice farmers.

The inhabitants of the park and surrounding areas depend on hunting, fishing, and collecting wild plants for their subsistence needs. Trade in forest products such as gallstones (from langurs and porcupines) and aloes wood or gaharu (Aquailaria spp.), as well as revenues from temporary employment in Malaysia, are the principal ways to earn cash to purchase commercial goods, pay for school fees, and cover travel expenses to the lowlands. These activities have allowed  them to meet their basic needs and be self-sufficient under stable circumstances.


Average income levels of the people in many areas of the national park are above the average levels for the province of East Kalimantan. However, transportation costs are very high. only the existence of price subsidies has managed to keep price of essential goods under control. Nevertheless, local prices are still on average three to six times higher than in the lowland. People in part of 'Krayan', 'Lumbis', and 'Apo kayan' often travel acros the border to Malaysia to get sugar, salt and gasoline at lower prices.


Declared by Minister of Forestry No. 831/Kpts-II/1996. October 7, 1996.

Gunung Palung

Gunung Palung (Mount Palung) National Park is a nature conservation area with high biodiversity value and a variety of ecosystems, including mangrove forest, swamp forest, peat swamp forest, freshwater swamp forest, lowland tropical forest and montane forest, always shrouded in mist.

Gunung Palung National Park lies on the island of Borneo, in the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, north of Ketapang and east of Sukadana.

Gunung Palung National Park located at the geographical position between 109o54' - 110o28' East and 1o03' - 1o22' South. Altitude 900 - 1.116 m above sea level, rainfall average 3.000 mm/year, temperature 25o - 35o  C.

Gunung Palung was not immediately designated as national park. The park was first created in 1937 as a forest nature reserve covering 30.000 hectares. In 1981 the size was increased to 90.000 hectares and its status raised to a wildlive reserve, and on 3 June 1990 the area became a national park.

A research station (Cabang Panti) was established at the western foot of the main Gunung Palung mountain in 1985, and is owned and operated by the park management authority. Research there has contributed significantly to our understanding of Borneo Forest biology.

Cabang Panti is currently home to a number of researchers including two long-term interest. The Gunung Palung Orangutan Project and the Gibbon and Leaf-Monkey Project.

This park is the best and most extensive Dipterocarp tropical forest in Kalimantan. About 65 % of the area is still primary forest, undisturbed by human activity, and it is rich in plant and wildlife communities.

Like many other parts of West Kalimantan, this park is inhabited by Jelutung (Dyera costulata), Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), Damar (Agathis borneensis), Pulai (Alstonia scholaris), Rengas (Gluta renghas), Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri), Bruguiera sp., Lumitzera sp., Rhizophora sp., Ara (a strangling plant), and medicinal plants.

One unique plant in this park is the Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata), which can be seen on the Matan river, in particular from February to April. The attraction of the Black Orchid lies in the shape of its flower, which is marked by green with black spots in the centre. The blooms last for five to six days.

one hundred and ninety species of bird have been recorded and 35 species of mammals, which play an important role in dispersing seeds throughout the forest. All the families, and probably even most of the species of bird in Kalimantan are to be found in this park. The park has potential for ecotourism, and has a number of attractive sites for visitors.

Among the animals comonly found in the park are the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Orangutan (Pongo saturus), Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil), Four-striped ground Squirrel (Lariscus hosei), Barking Deer (Muntiacus muntjak pleiharicus), Sun Bear (Helarctus malayanus euruspilus), Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina nemestrina), Slow Loris (Nuticebus caucana borneanus), Muellers Bornean Grey Gibbon (Hylobates muelleri), Western Tarsier (Tarsius bancanus borneanus), Banded Leaf monkey (Presbutis femoralis chrysomelas), Larger Malay Mouse Deer (Tragulus napu bornaenus), Rhineceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros borneoensis), Blue-banded Pitta (Pitta baudii), Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), Siamese Crocodile (Crocodulus siamensis), Malayan Giant Turtle (Orlitia borneensis), and Loggerhead Turtle (Carreta carreta).

Another interesting thing to note is the existence of Canary Squirrels (Rheithrosciurus macrotis), which are endangered and very rarely seen.

The Orangutan is considered the umbrella species for conservation in the National Park, and is also an important ecological agent for seed dispersal and seed predation. It is believed that Orangutan at Gunung Palung constitute one of the most dense and largest population on Borneo. A census conducted in 2001, part funded by The Orangutan Conservancy, gives an estimate of 2.500 individual Orangutans, about 17 % of the estimated population in Borneo and close to 10 % of the world's population.


Declared by Minister of Forestry No. 448/Menhut-VI/1990. June 3, 1990.

Danau Sentarum

Danau Sentarum (Lake Sentarum) National Park is a national park protecting one of the world's most biodiverse lake system, located in the heart of Borneo Island, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It lies in the upper Kapuas River tectonic basin some 700 kilometres upstream from the delta. The basin is a vast floodplain, consisting of about 20 seasonal lakes, freshwater swamp forest, and peat swamp forest. Local people call it as Lebak Lebung (floodplain). The national park is located in the western part of this basin, where three-quarters of the seasonal lakes occur. Approximately half of the park consist of lakes, while the other half consis of freshwater swamp forest.

The geographical position of the Danau Sentarum National park is between 111o56' - 112o25' Eastern longitude and 0o39' - 01o00' of Northern latitude, temperature 26o - 30o C, rainfall average 1.200 - 1.500 mm/year, altitude 37 - 40 m above sea level. Danau Sentarum National Park covers an area of 132.000 hectares.  The topography mainly flat, partially concave shaped, with some isolated hills. It is surounded by hill and mountain ranges in the west, north-east, and east. With its topography and location the area of Danau Sentarum plays also an important role as a water buffer of the Kapuas watershed system. The area mitigates floods during rainy season and buffers water during the dry season.

During rainy season between October to May, the water levels of the lakes and streams in the park area increase dramatically and may rise up to 12 meters. As a consequence the lake system may become a single water mass in the rainy season. About 9 months in a year the area is flooded with an average depth of 6,5 meters.

However, the depth can vary significantly and may increase up to 14 meters. During the dry season, typically between June and September, water levels fall and many lakes may dry out entirely, while only the deepest water channels remain. But this can vary from year to year as well. During the  dry season in 2010 for example the lakes remained "full", due to heavy rainfall, which occured almost every day. As a consequence serious flooding occurred even in the upper regions of the Kapuas River, e.g. in Putussibau.

Danau Sentarum National Park has 237 bird species recorded including the Storm's Stork and Great Argus. Of the 143 mammal species, 23 are endemic to Borneo including the Proboscis Monkey. There is a relatively large population of the endangered Orangutan present in the park. The 26 reptile species include the False Gavial and Estuarine Crocodile.

Like other areas of West Kalimantan, this park has some peculiar and endemic species of plant, including Tengkawang (Shorea beccariana), lowland forest plants like Jelutung (Dyera costulata), Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus), Meranti (Shorea spp.),  Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.), and Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) can also be found.

Danau Sentarum National Park has a variety of fish species is estimated that there are about 120 species. Among them are the Asian Bonytongue (Scleropages formosus), Belida (Notopterus chitala), Toman (Channa micropeltes), Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata), Jelawat (Leptobarbus hoeveny), Ketutung (Balantiocheilos melanopterus), and the beautiful Clown loach (Botia macradanthus).

Other animal like Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Orangutan (Pongo satyrus), Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), False Gavial (Tomistoma schlegelii), Siamese Crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Great Argus (Argusianus argus grayi), and Wooly-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus stormi) also inhabit in the park.

Danau Sentarum National Park has been declared an International Wetland Site under the Ramsar Convention in 1992.

The local people around Danau Sentarum National Park belong to Dayak tribes like the Iban, Sebaruk, Sontas, Punan and they still live in very traditional way. The characteristic longhouses (betang) vary in size according to the number of people occupying them. This could be between five and 30 families. A typical longhouse occupied by fifteen to thirthy families would have an average length of 186 metres and a width of 6 metres. The local way of life is fascinating tor tourist, the atmosphere of the 'betang' is harmonious, simple, and friendly, and visitors will usually be treated to a traditional Dayak dance.

Fisherman coummunity in Danau Sentarum National Park doesn't depent only on fishing activities, but they also grow fish in a 'keramba' (a basket put in the stream) in their village. Fish species grown in 'keramba' are Channa micropeltes, Leptobarbus hoevenii, Oxyleotris marmorata, Pangasius nasutus, C. micropeltes and O. marmorata are carnivores consuming small fish. They are kept in the 'keramba' for at least one year. To grow fish in 'keramba' has been intensively carried out and large number of small fishes has been capture to feed the fish. This activity may affect fish population in the park.


Declared by Minister of Forestry No. 34/Kpts-II/1999. February 4, 1999.

Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya

Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya National Park is a conservation area located in the heart of Borneo island. The areas has an important role in the hydrological function as a catchment area for Melawi watershed in West Kalimantan and Regional Aliaran Katingan River in Central Kalimantan. Forest area of Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya is representative of tropical rain forest ecosystem that dominates mountain peaks Schwaner mountains. 

Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya National Park is one of the leading national park that located in Central Kalimantan Province, after Tanjung Puting National Park wich is located   between the Sintang Regency (West Kalimantan province) and West Kotawaringin Regency (Central Kalimantan province).

The park covers an area of 181.090 hectares, geographical location between 112o15' - 112o60'  East and 0o30' - 0o65' South, temperature 7o - 32o C, rainfall average 3.400 mm/year, and altitude 150 - 2.278 above sea level.

Eight hundred and seventeen species of  plant have been recorded, belonging to 139 families including Dipterocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Ericadeae. Also to be found are medicinal plants and plants used for handicrafts, tools and construction materials and consumption. Various species of forest orchid.  There is also the Rafflesia (Rafflesia sp.), a giant glower parasite which is assumed to be similar to those growing on Mt. Kinabalu, Malaysia. Among the endemic species are Symplocos rayae, Gluta sabahana, Dillenia beccariana, Lithocarpus coopertus, Sellaginnela magnifica, and Tetracera glaberrima.

The mammals that inhabit this park include Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Orangutan (Pongo satyrus), Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus), Maroon Leaf Monkey (Presbytis rubicunda rubicunda),  Slow Loris (Nyticebus coucang borneanus), Deer (Cervus unicolor brookei), Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista elegants banksi), and Spotted civet (Visvessa tangalunga).

Among the bird species are Helmeted Hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil), Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros borneoensis), Black Hornbill (Anthracoceros malayanus), Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), little Cuckoo Dove (Macropygia ruficeps), Great Argus (Argusianus argusgrayi), and the Bornean Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron schleiermacheri). This is both one of the most elusive pheasants in the world among the most threatened by human activities.

Rare and unique species of mammal and reptile in the park include the Horned Frog (Megophyrs nasuta), Green Monitor Lizard (Varanus prasinus), and Bengkarung (Mabouya sp.).

The indigenous people living around the national parks are mostly descended from Dayak tribes like the Limbai, Ransa, Kenyilu, Ot Danum, Malahui, Kahoi, and Kahayan. Of great cultural interest are ancient statues made of belian wood, artwork, and other item made of Rattan, Bamboo and Pandan, and ritual ceremonies.

In 2007 at the park was found a Capapuya (Barbourula kalimantanensis), the frog species that has no lungs and very sensitive to ecosystem such as not being able to live in the murky water.  Capapuya is bioindicator, live in shallow, clear water, cold and about 14o to 17o C. The frog was once convicted of extinct, because ghe animal is only found in very clear water. With this number of researchers concluded that the water contained in the Bukit Baka - Bukit Raya National Park is still very clear.


Declared by Minister of Forestry No. 281/Kpts-II/1992.  February 26, 1992.